Slovenian, european and international standards for spatial data

This paper presents a twenty-year development and outcomes \ud of ISO technical committee (TC) 211 – Geographic \ud Information/Geomatics, which has developed around 66 \ud ISO standards, technical reports and amendments (group \ud with 191xx ISO number). Further development in the field \ud of geoinformation affects the continuation, maintenance and \ud updating of deliverables that is evident from the TC program \ud for the coming years. The planned output will be a set of \ud additional 24 new or revised ISO standards and technical \ud specifications. The impact of open standards (OGC) in \ud the domain of formal standardization is also outlined. \ud Furthermore, the paper describes the renewed activities of \ud CEN/TC 287 GI, which adopts ISO standards of TC 211 \ud as European standards (EN). Also the role of SIST/TC GIG \ud is presented that follows the activities of both the mentioned \ud technical committees and adopts adequate Slovenian \ud standards (SIST) and technical reports. Furthermore, the \ud conclusions include some considerations about the obstacles \ud and problems arising from the progress and non-acceptance \ud of the mentioned standardization in Sloveni

Modeling real estate transactions with UML

Understanding spatial data concepts is crucial in order\ud to define and apply spatial data models. The modeling\ud process is the know-how on what steps to carry out\ud during analysis and design of formal static and\ud dynamic spatial models. The development of specific\ud methodology for modeling real estate transaction cases\ud was the primary objective. The methods used originate\ud from the system-engineering domain and are only\ud partly described because of the scanty space available.\ud The presented approach was applied for modeling of\ud different real estate transactions. The result is a set of\ud related UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagrams\ud and formal descriptions of selected transaction use\ud cases. In this paper only the simple subdivision of a\ud parcel is presented. This short transaction example\ud guides us through the Slovenian settings and\ud circumstances. It was selected in order to illustrate the\ud modeling methodology and its results as such. The\ud main focus is on the modeling approach and not on\ud the complexity of some real estate transaction cases

Free OGC standardized WEB services for spatial data

This paper presents an overview and possibilities for the usage of open web services and standardized interfaces for spatial data that are developed and maintained by the OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium). Besides the short overview of various approaches and implementation of web services, this paper focuses on the most frequently applied OpenGIS standard services that are based on the XML meta-language for the exchange of messages and spatial data transfer The concluding remarks outline the main existent and potential application domains of open web services in the field of surveying, with regard to the access to distributed databases and web cartographic presentations

Examples of INSPIRE directive realization and implementation of metadatasys tem in Slovenia and Switzerland

The vision of the INSPIRE Directive is that defined\ud spatial data, metadata and services of various providers\ud are consistent with the standardized specifications and\ud accessible by a common location, i.e. a geoportal.\ud The focus of this paper is on the establishment of a\ud unified national metadata system that is INSPIRE\ud compliant and combines metadata spatial data and\ud the services of various providers. In Slovenia, formal\ud responsible organizations must arrange and complete\ud metadata and services using the SIST EN ISO 19115\ud metadata standard profile and other regulations and\ud implementing rules determined by the INSPIRE\ud Directive. The metadata systems of the Surveying and\ud Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia, the\ud Slovenian official INSPIRE geoportal and the ARSO\ud geoportal of the Slovenian Environment Agency are\ud described. A comparison of them is then elaborated\ud regarding the current state and compliance with the\ud INSPIRE Directive. The spatial data and metadata\ud system of the Swiss Federal Office of Topography\ud swisstopo is also presented as an example of a\ud remarkably comprehensive and significant solution

Modeling real property transactions with use cases

This paper analyses land security management\ud principles and practice in Slovenia (Si) by presenting\ud a real property transaction example that is formally\ud described and modeled as a use case. First the\ud legislation settings and the description of the dual real\ud property registration system in Slovenia are shortly\ud outlined. Then use case descriptions and UML\ud diagramming examples of a simplified real property\ud transaction process are developed. The use case\ud described is the sale of a whole urban built-up property\ud with a detached house. Using the general-purpose object\ud oriented modeling language (UML) and following the\ud adapted system engineering methodology this\ud transaction case is represented on several diagrams:\ud package, class, use case, activity and sequence\ud (interaction). The article concludes with the analysis\ud of the process, discussion of security provision for this\ud real property transaction case, time span of similar\ud transactions and the reasons for possible delays. Some\ud considerations for improvements and reduction of the\ud time needed can also be derived

The renovation of the land cadastre's graphical part based on surveying principles

The positional accuracy of the land cadastral index map (a graphical presentation termed `ZKP'), as one of the basic elements of spatial database quality, isotopic of on-going interest in the Republic of Slovenia. Mainly due to the pressures of institutional and other users of these data, the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia has decided to implement improvements. At the Department of Geodesy, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, a working group was established in order to analyse and test in particular the so-called membrane method for this purpose. At the beginning, we started to develop our own program for the finite element method of geodetic adjustments, and then we continued to test the commercial solution of German provider. The membrane method, together with additional measurements, provides the possibility for an effective improvement of the heterogeneity of land cadastral graphical presentation (ZKP), where the basic principles of geodesy must be strongly respected (methods of the coordinate geometry topology, adjustments, error propagation law, etc.). This article is meant to introduce existing and possible solutions for the improvements of the positional accuracy of the ZKP and not to present the results of our first research

Approaches to the establishment of digital cadastral maps in comparable countries

When using and comparing land cadastral data in the framework of different land administration systems at the international level, it must be acknowledged that there are common known facts and definitions relating to the registration of land or real property With deeper study it is soon evident that the historic development of the country or even region, together with the legal framework in the field of real property registration and management strongly influence the basic functions of land cadastre, and for this reason there is often missing knowledge on the unique features of land cadastres in the particular country or region. The purpose of this article is neither the comparison of land cadastral systems regarding the level of adoption of information technology, nor a demonstration of approaches for maintenance of land cadastre. The main focus is on the influence of information technology on the development of graphical subsystems of land cadastres in Austria, Denmark, Sweden and Slovenia. The establishment and improvement of digital cadastral maps are emphasized. The final remarks are meant as the comparison of Slovenian system of land cadastre layer with the experiences in the selected countries

Acquisition of real property for public benefit

Acquisition of real property is the power of a government to acquire land, also without the consent of its owner or occupant, for the public benefit. In such cases, any government cannot rely on real property markets alone to ensure that land/real property is acquired when and where it is needed. Several countries worldwide assume that the state or local government should attempt to purchase the required real property in good faith before it exercises its power of compulsory acquisition/expropriation. The paper describes various possible ways of real property ownership appropriation with the stated purpose of establishing public interest, i.e. an expropriation, compulsory acquisition and establishment of easements for public interest in Slovenia. At the end, the possible role the Slovene surveyor in these procedures is discussed